Cancer Explained

What is Cancer?

At its simplest, cancer is a disease of the cells. Our bodies are made up of trillions of cells that normally grow and divide in a controlled way. Cancer occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow uncontrollably, often forming a mass called a tumour. These cells can interfere with the body’s normal functions and, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

Causes and Risk Factors

Tobacco use

Unhealthy diet

Lack of physical activity

Alcohol use

Excessive exposure to UV rays

Exposure to harmful chemicals and pollutants

Family history and inherited gene mutations

Detection and Diagnosis

Cancer detection and diagnosis rely on a combination of specific cancer screenings, blood tests, advanced imaging, and biopsies. Regular health screenings for screenable cancers and necessary follow-ups, recommended based on one’s age and sex, can facilitate early detection of cancer and timely intervention, improving prognosis and outcomes. However, as with all medical tests, cancer screening is not perfect and it is important to note that cases of false negative and false positive do occur occasionally.

Treatment Modalities

Surgery (to physically remove tumours and surrounding affected lymph nodes)

Radiation Therapy (to shrink tumors using targeted high- energy rays while sparing healthy tissue)

Systemic Therapies (includes chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy to kill cancer cells or boost the body’s immune system to fight the disease)

Important Medical Disclaimer

The information on this page is provided to help you better understand cancer and is intended for general educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have any questions or concerns about your health, symptoms, screening, diagnosis or treatment, we encourage you to speak with your doctor or healthcare team. They will be able to provide appropriate advice based on your individual needs and medical history. If you are feeling unwell or think you may need urgent medical attention, please seek medical care promptly.

Cancer Treatment & Personalised Care

Though it is important to note that the treatment modalities used will vary from patient to patient, making it a highly personalised decision process and relies on several key factors such as tumour characteristics, cancer stage, overall health, patient profile and treatment goals to determine the best single or combined approach.

A Community That Understands

You don’t have to navigate the complex world of cancer care by yourself. We are here to help you thrive through every season.