Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is highly preventable because pre-cancerous changes can be detected through screening tests, such as the Pap smear or HPV test. HPV vaccination can also help protect against HPV infection and reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

Early-stage cervical cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms. As the cancer progresses, possible signs and symptoms may include:

  • Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods, or after menopause
  • Abnormal vaginal discharge that may be watery or blood-stained and have an unpleasant odor
  • Pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse
  • Pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse

If you experience unusual vaginal bleeding or any symptoms that concern you, make an appointment with your doctor for an assessment. Any vaginal bleeding or spotting after menopause is considered abnormal and should be checked by a doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral and anal sex.

Other factors that may increase the risk of developing cervical cancer include:

HPV infection

Beginning sexual activity at an early age (before the age of 20)

Having multiple sexual partners

Having other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis or HIV/AIDS

Medical conditions or treatments that weaken the immune system, such as autoimmune diseases or long-term use of steroids or immunosuppressant medications

Having undergone a solid organ transplant

A previous diagnosis of pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Smoking

Genetic factors and a family history of breast canc

Cancer Prevention

Regular cervical screening, including Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, can help detect pre-cancerous changes early so that they can be treated before progressing to cervical cancer.

Regular Screening: PapTest once every three years

Avoiding smoking or quitting if you currently smoke

Limiting alcohol consumption

Maintaining a healthy weight and staying physically active

PapTest

The collected cells are examined under a microscope to identify early cellular changes that can be treated before they develop into cancer. In some cases, the test may also detect cervical cancer at an early stage, when it is easier to treat.

Although the Pap test is an effective screening tool, it is not perfect. Occasionally, the results may appear normal even when abnormalities are present in the cervix. However, most cervical pre-cancers develop slowly. Having Pap tests at regular intervals therefore increases the likelihood of detecting abnormalities before they progress to cancer.

Pap tests are recommended for sexually active women from the age of 25 onwards. The test is generally repeated every three years until the age of 65, provided there are no abnormalities. Depending on individual circumstances, your doctor may recommend screening more frequently.

Nourishing Every Step of Your Journey

You don’t have to navigate dietary complexities alone. Let us help you with sustainable nourishment.

Join Our Community